默认的yum源没有Pure-ftpd,需要安装epel源,再安装Pure-ftpd:
yum install -y epel-release yum install -y pure-ftpd
配置 pure-ftpd
创建 ftp 系统用户:
# 创建用户 ftp useradd ftp -s /sbin/nologin
配置FTP存储根目录:
# 创建 FTP 存储根目录 mkdir /data/ftp # 设置 FTP 根目录权限 chown -R ftp.ftp /data/ftp/
编辑 pure-ftp 配置文件:
vi /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf
部分参数如下:
# PureDB 用户数据库路径(重要) PureDB /etc/pure-ftpd/pureftpd.pdb # 锁定所有用户到家目录中 ChrootEveryone yes # 如果虚拟用户的目录不存在则自动创建 CreateHomeDir yes # 兼容不同客户端 BrokenClientsCompatibility yes # 显示隐藏文件 DisplayDotFiles no # 防止命令误操作 CustomerProof yes # 被动模式端口范围 PassivePortRange 30000 50000 # 被动模式 IP ForcePassiveIP 192.168.1.100 # 只允许匿名用户访问 AnonymousOnly no # 不允许匿名用户访问(为 no 时允许) NoAnonymous yes # 不允许匿名用户上传文件(为 no 时允许) AnonymousCantUpload yes # 不允许匿名用户创建目录(为 no 时允许) AnonymousCanCreateDirs yes # 仅运行认证用户进行FXP传输 AllowUserFXP no # 对匿名用户和非匿名用户允许进行匿名 FXP 传输 AllowAnonymousFXP no # 设置日志的告警级别,默认为 ftp,none 是禁止记录日志 SyslogFacility none
创建 ftp 虚拟用户:
# 创建 ftp 用户 aaa 家目录 mkdir /data/ftp/aaa chown -R ftp.ftp /data/ftp/aaa/ # 创建 ftp 用户 aaa #-u 是将虚拟用户 aaa 与系统用户 ftp 关联在一起,aaa 账号登录后是以 ftp 的身份来读取和下载文件 #-d 是指定ftp_usera账户的家目录,这样可以使用户 aaa 只能访问其家目录 /data/ftp/aaa/ pure-pw useradd aaa -u ftp -d /data/ftp/aaa/ # 创建用户信息数据库文件,这一步很关键。 pure-pw mkdb # 查看已创建的账号列表 pure-pw list
启动 pure-ftp 服务:
# 启动 pure-ftp 服务 systemctl start pure-ftpd.service # 添加开机启动项 systemctl enable pure-ftpd.service # 或使用 systemctl enable --now pure-ftpd.service
到这里FTP服务器就搭建完成了,可以用FTP客户端软件测试是否成功。
如果FTP客户端无法连接服务器,出现530 Login authentication failed的错误提示,要修改配置文件中MinUID的值,尽量改小一点,我这里是设置为10,修改完之后重启pure-ftp服务即可。
可以连接服务器之后,上传文件出现553错误,主要是文件目录没有可写权限,赋予权限即可:
chgrp ftp /opt/nginx/html chmod 775 /opt/nginx/html
配置文件 /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf 完整参数说明:
############################################################ # # # Configuration file for pure-ftpd wrappers # # # ############################################################ # If you want to run Pure-FTPd with this configuration # instead of command-line options, please run the # following command : # # /usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-config.pl /usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pure-ftpd.conf # # Please don't forget to have a look at documentation at # http://www.pureftpd.org/documentation.shtml for a complete list of # options. # Cage in every user in his home directory # 锁定所有用户到家目录中 ChrootEveryone yes # If the previous option is set to "no", members of the following group # won't be caged. Others will be. If you don't want chroot()ing anyone, # just comment out ChrootEveryone and TrustedGID. # 信任组ID100,可以不锁定 # TrustedGID 100 # Turn on compatibility hacks for broken clients # 兼容不同客户端 BrokenClientsCompatibility no # Maximum number of simultaneous users # 最大的客户端数量 MaxClientsNumber 50 # Fork in background # 后台运行 Daemonize yes # Maximum number of sim clients with the same IP address # 每个ip最大连接数 MaxClientsPerIP 8 # If you want to log all client commands, set this to "yes". # This directive can be duplicated to also log server responses. # 记录日志 VerboseLog no # List dot-files even when the client doesn't send "-a". # 显示隐藏文件 DisplayDotFiles no # Don't allow authenticated users - have a public anonymous FTP only. # 只允许匿名用户访问 AnonymousOnly no # Disallow anonymous connections. Only allow authenticated users. # 不允许匿名用户 NoAnonymous yes # Syslog facility (auth, authpriv, daemon, ftp, security, user, local*) # The default facility is "ftp". "none" disables logging. # 设置日志的告警级别,默认为ftp,none是禁止记录日志 SyslogFacility ftp # Display fortune cookies # 定制用户登陆后的显示信息 # FortunesFile /usr/share/fortune/zippy # Don't resolve host names in log files. Logs are less verbose, but # it uses less bandwidth. Set this to "yes" on very busy servers or # if you don't have a working DNS. # 是否在日志文件中进行主机名解析,不进行客户端DNS解析 DontResolve yes # Maximum idle time in minutes (default = 15 minutes) # 最大空闲时间 MaxIdleTime 30 # LDAP configuration file (see README.LDAP) # LDAP 配置文件路径 # LDAPConfigFile /etc/pureftpd-ldap.conf # MySQL configuration file (see README.MySQL) # MySQL 配置文件路径 MySQLConfigFile /usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pureftpd-mysql.conf # Postgres configuration file (see README.PGSQL) # Postgres 配置文件路径 # PGSQLConfigFile /etc/pureftpd-pgsql.conf # PureDB user database (see README.Virtual-Users) # PureDB 用户数据库路径 PureDB /usr/local/pureftpd/etc/pureftpd.pdb # Path to pure-authd socket (see README.Authentication-Modules) # pure-authd 的socket 路径 # ExtAuth /var/run/ftpd.sock # If you want to enable PAM authentication, uncomment the following line # 如果你要启用 PAM 认证方式, 去掉下面行的注释 # PAMAuthentication yes # If you want simple Unix (/etc/passwd) authentication, uncomment this # 如果你要启用 简单的 Unix系统 认证方式(/etc/passwd), 去掉下面行的注释 # UnixAuthentication yes # Please note that LDAPConfigFile, MySQLConfigFile, PAMAuthentication and # UnixAuthentication can be used only once, but they can be combined # together. For instance, if you use MySQLConfigFile, then UnixAuthentication, # the SQL server will be asked. If the SQL authentication fails because the # user wasn't found, another try # will be done with /etc/passwd and # /etc/shadow. If the SQL authentication fails because the password was wrong, # the authentication chain stops here. Authentication methods are chained in # the order they are given. # 'ls' recursion limits. The first argument is the maximum number of # files to be displayed. The second one is the max subdirectories depth # 'ls' 命令的递归限制。第一个参数给出文件显示的最大数目。第二个参数给出最大的子目录深度。 LimitRecursion 10000 8 # Are anonymous users allowed to create new directories ? # 是否允许匿名用户创建新目录 AnonymousCanCreateDirs no # If the system is more loaded than the following value, # anonymous users aren't allowed to download. # 超出负载后禁止下载 MaxLoad 4 # Port range for passive connections replies. - for firewalling. # 被动模式的端口范围 # PassivePortRange 30000 50000 # Force an IP address in PASV/EPSV/SPSV replies. - for NAT. # Symbolic host names are also accepted for gateways with dynamic IP # addresses. # 强制一个IP地址使用被动响应 # ForcePassiveIP 192.168.0.1 # Upload/download ratio for anonymous users. # 匿名用户的上传/下载的比率 # AnonymousRatio 1 10 # Upload/download ratio for all users. # This directive superscedes the previous one. # 所有用户的上传/下载的比率 # UserRatio 1 10 # Disallow downloading of files owned by "ftp", ie. # files that were uploaded but not validated by a local admin. # 禁止下载匿名用户上传但未经验证的文件 AntiWarez yes # IP address/port to listen to (default=all IP and port 21). # 服务监听的IP 地址和端口。(默认是所有IP地址和21端口) # Bind 127.0.0.1,21 # Maximum bandwidth for anonymous users in KB/s # 匿名用户带宽限制(KB) # AnonymousBandwidth 8 # Maximum bandwidth for *all* users (including anonymous) in KB/s # Use AnonymousBandwidth *or* UserBandwidth, both makes no sense. # 所有用户的最大带宽(KB/s),包括匿名用户。 UserBandwidth 1024 # File creation mask. <umask for files>:<umask for dirs> . # 177:077 if you feel paranoid. # 新建目录及文件的属性掩码值 Umask 133:022 # Minimum UID for an authenticated user to log in. # 认证用户允许登陆的最小组ID(UID) MinUID 100 # Allow FXP transfers for authenticated users. # 仅允许认证用户进行 FXP 传输。 AllowUserFXP no # Allow anonymous FXP for anonymous and non-anonymous users. # 对匿名用户和非匿名用户允许进行匿名 FXP 传输 AllowAnonymousFXP no # Users can't delete/write files beginning with a dot ('.') # even if they own them. If TrustedGID is enabled, this group # will have access to dot-files, though. # 不能删除/写入隐藏文件 ProhibitDotFilesWrite no # Prohibit *reading* of files beginning with a dot (.history, .ssh...) # 禁止读取隐藏文件 ProhibitDotFilesRead no # Never overwrite files. When a file whose name already exist is uploaded, # it get automatically renamed to file.1, file.2, file.3, ... # 有同名文件时自动重新命名 AutoRename no # Disallow anonymous users to upload new files (no = upload is allowed) # 不允许匿名用户上传文件 AnonymousCantUpload no # Only connections to this specific IP address are allowed to be # non-anonymous. You can use this directive to open several public IPs for # anonymous FTP, and keep a private firewalled IP for remote administration. # You can also only allow a non-routable local IP (like 10.x.x.x) to # authenticate, and keep a public anon-only FTP server on another IP. # 仅允许来自以下IP地址的非匿名用户连接。你可以使用这个指令来打开几个公网IP来提供匿名FTP, # 而保留一个私有的防火墙保护的IP来进行远程管理。你还可以只允许一内网地址进行认证,而在另外 # 一个IP上提供纯匿名的FTP服务。 # #TrustedIP 10.1.1.1 # If you want to add the PID to every logged line, uncomment the following # line. # 如果你要为日志每一行添加 PID 去掉下面行的注释 #LogPID yes # Create an additional log file with transfers logged in a Apache-like format : # fw.c9x.org - jedi [13/Dec/1975:19:36:39] "GET /ftp/linux.tar.bz2" 200 21809338 # This log file can then be processed by www traffic analyzers. # 使用类似于Apache的格式创建一个额外的日志文件 # AltLog clf:/var/log/pureftpd.log # Create an additional log file with transfers logged in a format optimized # for statistic reports. # 使用优化过的格式为统计报告创建一个额外的日志文件 # AltLog stats:/var/log/pureftpd.log # Create an additional log file with transfers logged in the standard W3C # format (compatible with most commercial log analyzers) # 使用标准的W3C格式创建一个额外的日志文件 # AltLog w3c:/var/log/pureftpd.log # Disallow the CHMOD command. Users can't change perms of their files. # 不接受 CHMOD 命令。用户不能更改他们文件的属性 #NoChmod yes # Allow users to resume and upload files, but *NOT* to delete them. # 允许用户恢复和上传文件,却不允许删除他们 #KeepAllFiles yes # Automatically create home directories if they are missing # 用户主目录不存在的话,自动创建 CreateHomeDir yes # Enable virtual quotas. The first number is the max number of files. # The second number is the max size of megabytes. # So 1000:10 limits every user to 1000 files and 10 Mb. # 限制用户可以创建的最大文件数和用户空间大小 Quota 10000:10240 # If your pure-ftpd has been compiled with standalone support, you can change # the location of the pid file. The default is /var/run/pure-ftpd.pid # PID文件位置 #PIDFile /var/run/pure-ftpd.pid # If your pure-ftpd has been compiled with pure-uploadscript support, # this will make pure-ftpd write info about new uploads to # /var/run/pure-ftpd.upload.pipe so pure-uploadscript can read it and # spawn a script to handle the upload. # Don't enable this option if you don't actually use pure-uploadscript. # 如果你的 pure-ftpd 编译时加入了 pure-uploadscript 支持,这个指令将会使 pure-ftpd # 发送关于新上传的情况信息到 /var/run/pure-ftpd.upload.pipe,这样 pure-uploadscript # 就能读然后调用一个脚本去处理新的上传 # #CallUploadScript yes # This option is useful with servers where anonymous upload is # allowed. As /var/ftp is in /var, it save some space and protect # the log files. When the partition is more that X percent full, # new uploads are disallowed. # 文件所在磁盘的最大使用率 MaxDiskUsage 99 # Set to 'yes' if you don't want your users to rename files. # 是否允许重命名文件(默认不允许) #NoRename yes # Be 'customer proof' : workaround against common customer mistakes like # 'chmod 0 public_html', that are valid, but that could cause ignorant # customers to lock their files, and then keep your technical support busy # with silly issues. If you're sure all your users have some basic Unix # knowledge, this feature is useless. If you're a hosting service, enable it. # 打开以防止用户犯常识性错误 CustomerProof yes # Per-user concurrency limits. It will only work if the FTP server has # been compiled with --with-peruserlimits (and this is the case on # most binary distributions) . # The format is : <max sessions per user>:<max anonymous sessions> # For instance, 3:20 means that the same authenticated user can have 3 active # sessions max. And there are 20 anonymous sessions max. # 单个用户限制:每一个用户最大允许的进程;最大的匿名用户进程 # PerUserLimits 3:20 # When a file is uploaded and there is already a previous version of the file # with the same name, the old file will neither get removed nor truncated. # Upload will take place in a temporary file and once the upload is complete, # the switch to the new version will be atomic. For instance, when a large PHP # script is being uploaded, the web server will still serve the old version and # immediatly switch to the new one as soon as the full file will have been # transfered. This option is incompatible with virtual quotas. # NoTruncate yes # This option can accept three values : # 0 : disable SSL/TLS encryption layer (default). # 1 : accept both traditional and encrypted sessions. # 2 : refuse connections that don't use SSL/TLS security mechanisms, # including anonymous sessions. # Do _not_ uncomment this blindly. Be sure that : # 1) Your server has been compiled with SSL/TLS support (--with-tls), # 2) A valid certificate is in place, # 3) Only compatible clients will log in. # TLS 1 # List of ciphers that will be accepted for SSL/TLS connections # Prefix with -S: in order to totally disable SSL but not TLS. # TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+TLSv1:!SSLv2:+SSLv3 # Listen only to IPv4 addresses in standalone mode (ie. disable IPv6) # By default, both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled. # IPV4Only yes # Listen only to IPv6 addresses in standalone mode (ie. disable IPv4) # By default, both IPv4 and IPv6 are enabled. # IPV6Only yes # UTF-8 support for file names (RFC 2640) # Define charset of the server filesystem and optionnally the default charset # for remote clients if they don't use UTF-8. # Works only if pure-ftpd has been compiled with --with-rfc2640 # FileSystemCharset big5 # ClientCharset big